Carbon Nanotubes That Look Like Asbestos, Behave Like Asbestos, Could Lead To Asbestos-related Disease

ScienceDaily (May 22, 2008) —  A major study published in Nature Nanotechnology suggests some forms of carbon nanotubes -- a poster child for the "nanotechnology revolution" -- could be as harmful as asbestos if inhaled in sufficient quantities.

The study used established methods to see if specific types of nanotubes have the potential to cause mesothelioma -- a cancer of the lung lining that can take 30-40 years to appear following exposure. The results show that long, thin multi-walled carbon nanotubes that look like asbestos fibers, behave like asbestos fibers.

Discovered nearly 20 years ago, carbon nanotubes have been described as the wonder material of the 21st Century. Light as plastic and stronger that steel, they are being developed for use in new drugs, energy-efficient batteries and futuristic electronics. But since their discovery, questions have been raised about whether some of these nanoscale materials may cause harm and undermine a nascent market for all types of carbon nanotubes, including multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes. Leading forecasting firms say sales of all nanotubes could reach $2 billion annually within the next four to seven years, according to an article in the U.S. publication Chemical & Engineering News.

"This study is exactly the kind of strategic, highly focused research needed to ensure the safe and responsible development of nanotechnology," says Andrew Maynard, Chief Science Advisor to the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies and a co-author on the paper. "It looks at a specific nanoscale material expected to have widespread commercial applications and asks specific questions about a specific health hazard. Even though scientists have been raising concerns about the safety of long, thin carbon nanotubes for over a decade, none of the research needs in the current U.S. federal nanotechnology environment, health and safety risk research strategy address this question."

Widespread exposure to asbestos has been described as the worst occupational health disaster in U.S. history and the cost of asbestos-related disease is expected to exceed $200 billion, according to major U.S. think tank RAND Corporation.

Anthony Seaton, MD, a co-author on the paper and a professor emeritus at the University of Aberdeen in the United Kingdom, says, "The toll of asbestos-related cancer, first noticed in the 1950s and 1960s, is likely to continue for several more decades even though usage reduced rapidly some 25 years ago. While there are reasons to suppose that nanotubes can be used safely, this will depend on appropriate steps being taken to prevent them from being inhaled in the places they are manufactured, used and ultimately disposed of. Such steps should be based on research into exposure and risk prevention, leading to regulation of their use. Following this study, the results of which were foreseen by the Royal Society in the U.K. in 2004, we can no longer delay investing in such research."

Researchers, led by Professor Kenneth Donaldson at the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom, examined the potential for long and short carbon nanotubes, long and short asbestos fibers, and carbon black to cause pathological responses known to be precursors of mesothelioma. Material was injected into the abdominal cavity of mice -- a sensitive predictor of long fiber response in the lung lining.

"The results were clear," says Donaldson. "Long, thin carbon nanotubes showed the same effects as long, thin asbestos fibers."

Asbestos fibers are harmful because they are thin enough to penetrate deep into the lungs, but sufficiently long to confound the lungs' built-in clearance mechanisms for getting rid of particles.

Donaldson stresses there are still pieces of the puzzle to fill in. "We still don't know whether carbon nanotubes will become airborne and be inhaled, or whether, if they do reach the lungs, they can work their way to the sensitive outer lining. But if they do get there in sufficient quantity, there is a chance that some people will develop cancer--perhaps decades after breathing the stuff," states Donaldson.

There is a silver lining to this research. According to Donaldson, "Short or curly carbon nanotubes did not behave like asbestos, and by knowing the possible dangers of long, thin carbon nanotubes, we can work to control them. It's a good news story, not a bad one. It shows that carbon nanotubes and their products could be made to be safe."

But Donaldson added that the present study only tested for fiber-like behavior and did not exonerate carbon nanotubes from damaging the lungs in other ways. "More research is still needed if we are to understand how to use these materials as safely as possible," he notes.

Carbon nanotubes are atom-thick sheets of graphite formed into cylinders. They may be formed from a single layer of graphite or they may consist of multiple concentric layers of graphite, resulting in multi-walled carbon nanotubes. While the diameter of a nanotube can vary from a few nanometers up to tens of nanometers, they can be hundreds or even thousands of nanometers long. Carbon nanotubes come in many forms, with different shapes, different atomic arrangements, and varying amounts and types of added chemicals--all of which affect their properties and might influence their impact on human health and the environment.

"This is a wakeup call for nanotechnology in general and carbon nanotubes in particular," says Maynard. "As a society, we cannot afford not to exploit this incredible material, but neither can we afford to get it wrong--as we did with asbestos."

Story Source:

The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies.

Journal Reference:

Craig A. Poland, Rodger Duffin, Ian Kinloch, Andrew Maynard, William A. H. Wallace, Anthony Seaton, Vicki Stone, Simon Brown, William MacNee & Ken Donaldson. Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study. Nature Nanotechnology. Online 20 May 2008. doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.111 [link]

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No Role For Simian Virus 40 In Human Pleural Mesotheliomas

ScienceDaily (Sep. 27, 2004) — New York, N.Y., September 25, 2004 – Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer of the chest cavity that kills about 2000 people a year in the United States. Seventy to eighty percent of patients with this rare cancer have had exposure to asbestos. It has also been proposed that simian virus 40 (SV40), a contaminant in some polio vaccines administered in the 1950's and 1960's, might be a cause. However, studies reporting the detection of SV40 DNA in human tumors (including mesotheliomas, and also some lymphomas, brain cancers, and bone cancers) have not consistently yielded the same results when repeated by other groups. This has fueled an ongoing debate over laboratory methods and the strength of the association of SV40 with these tumors.

A study, published in the September 25 issue of Lancet, calls into question this proposed link between SV40 and pleural mesothelioma and provides a possible explanation for the discrepancies in the results obtained by different groups. Researchers at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) used several independent methods to detect SV40 DNA, SV40 RNA, and SV40 proteins in human pleural mesothelioma samples and found no evidence for a significant role for SV40 in human mesotheliomas. Unexpectedly, they found that the SV40 DNA fragments detected in some assays were not derived from genuine SV40 in the tissue samples but from SV40 DNA fragments engineered into common laboratory plasmid vectors used in molecular biology research. This source of SV40 DNA fragments may be unrecognized, leading to misinterpretation of assay results as indicating the presence of genuine SV40 in human tumors. Their findings are a caution to other researchers to be vigilant in avoiding these technical errors when planning future studies with SV40.

"Because SV40 was a recognized contaminant of some polio and adenovirus vaccines in the 50's and early 60's, its potential to cause cancer in humans has been a source of intense debate since the apparent detection of SV40 DNA in some human tumors was first reported," explained Fernando Lopez-Rios, M.D., of the Department of Pathology and the study's lead author. "An important aspect of our study was that the availability of frozen mesothelioma tumor samples allowed us to search for SV40 RNA (an expected product of functional SV40 DNA), which has never been studied in a large series of mesotheliomas, and to show that it is completely absent."

Their study presents multiple lines of evidence against the proposed link between SV40 and human mesotheliomas. As part of their ongoing research into the biology of human pleural mesothelioma, this team of MSKCC investigators searched for SV40 DNA, RNA, or protein in frozen tissue samples from 71 human pleural mesotheliomas. According to the study, the methodology used by most researchers for the detection of SV40 DNA is associated with a high risk of false positive results. Therefore, the authors propose that data on SV40 in human tumors need to be carefully re-examined.

"Our previous work on mesothelioma showed that about 80 percent of tumors have lost both copies of the tumor suppressor gene designated p16 or CDKN2A, and this led us to ask whether SV40 infection might be a possible mechanism in the remaining 20 percent," said Marc Ladanyi, M.D., Director, Diagnostic Molecular Pathology Laboratory, and the study's senior author. "But instead we found no evidence for SV40 in these tumors and our experiments show for the first time how the assays commonly used to detect SV40 DNA in human tumors are uniquely prone to false-positive results. We hope these results will hasten progress on this deadly cancer."

###

Also participating in this study was Valerie Rusch, M.D., chief of the Thoracic Service, and Peter B. Illei, M.D., of the Department of Pathology of Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center.

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center is the world's oldest and largest institution devoted to prevention, patient care, research and education in cancer. Our scientists and clinicians generate innovative approaches to better understand, diagnose and treat cancer. Our specialists are leaders in biomedical research and in translating the latest research to advance the standard of cancer care worldwide. For more information, go to http://www.mskcc.org.

Story Source:

The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.

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Gene Expression Ratio Test Predicts Outcome In Mesothelioma Patients Treated With Surgery

ScienceDaily (Apr. 28, 2009) — A four-gene expression ratio test prospectively distinguished mesothelioma patients who had a statistically significant longer overall survival from those who had shorter survival in a single-institution study.

There are few effective treatment options available for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma other than surgery. However, not all patients appear to derive benefit from surgery. Raphael Bueno, M.D., of the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and colleagues showed in retrospective studies that measuring expression ratios of four genes could distinguish between those who have a good prognosis after surgery and those who have a poor prognosis.

In the current study, Bueno and colleagues tested the four-gene expression ratio test in 120 patients with mesothelioma who were treated at Brigham and Women's Hospital and participated in a prospective clinical trial. To evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of the test, the researchers evaluated the test on multiple tumor samples from each patient and used two different microarray platforms and two different biopsy techniques.

The test was able to predict overall survival after adjusting for other clinical factors. The test results were consistent for individual patients regardless of the techniques used for the test. When the researchers combined the gene ratio test results with known prognostic factors, they were able to separate patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The median survival for patients in the high-risk group was 6.9 months compared with 31.9 months in the low-risk group.

"Patients whose gene ratio test results predict a good prognosis after surgery may more confidently select the treatment option that includes surgery," the authors write.

This research was published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute on April 28, 2009.

Story Source:

The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by Journal of the National Cancer Institute, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

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Mystery unraveled: How asbestos causes cancer

ScienceDaily (June 30, 2010) — More than 20 million people in the U.S., and many more worldwide, who have been exposed to asbestos are at risk of developing mesothelioma, a malignant cancer of the membranes that cover the lungs and abdomen that is resistant to current therapies. Moreover, asbestos exposure increases the risk of lung cancer among smokers. For the past 40 years researchers have tried to understand why asbestos causes cancer.

The answer appears in a study published in the current issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., Drs. Haining Yang and Michele Carbone at the University of Hawai'i Cancer Research Center led a research team that included collaborators at New York University, University of Chicago, University of Pittsburgh, San Raffaele University of Milano, and the Imperial College in London.

These researchers addressed the paradox of how asbestos fibers that kill cells could cause cancer, since a dead cell should not be able to grow and form a tumor. They found that when asbestos kills cells, it does so by inducing a process called "programmed cell necrosis" that leads to the release of a molecule called high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). HMGB1 starts a particular type of inflammatory reaction that causes the release of mutagens and factors that promote tumor growth. The researchers found that patients exposed to asbestos have elevated levels of HMGB1 in their serum. Therefore, they state that it may be possible to target HMGB1 to prevent or treat mesothelioma and identify asbestos-exposed cohorts by simple HMGB1 serological testing.

In the article, the researchers propose that by interfering with the inflammatory reaction caused by asbestos and HMGB1, it may be possible to decrease cancer incidence among cohorts exposed to asbestos and decrease the rate of tumor growth among those already affected by mesothelioma. Drs. Yang and Carbone, the lead authors, state that to test this hypothesis, they are now planning a clinical trial in a remote area in Cappadocia, Turkey, where over 50% of the population dies of malignant mesothelioma. If the results are positive, the approach will be extended to cohorts of asbestos-exposed individuals in the U.S.

This research emphasizes the role of inflammation in causing different types of cancers and provides novel clinical tools to identify exposed individuals and prevent or decrease tumor growth. The researchers question if it will be possible to prevent mesothelioma, like colon cancer, simply by taking aspirin or similar drugs that stop inflammation. They are about to test this hypothesis.

The article is authored by Haining Yang, Zeyana Rivera, Sandro Jube, Masaki Nasu, Pietro Bertino and Michele Carbone at the University of Hawai'i Cancer Research Center; Harvey I. Pass and Chandra Goparaju at New York University; Thomas Krausz at the University of Chicago; Michael T. Lotze at the University of Pittsburgh; Guido Franzoso at the Imperial College of London, U.K.; and Marco E. Bianchi at the University of San Raffele Milano, Italy. It will be published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. the week of June 28 2010, and later in print. The study was supported by grants from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, and by the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation.

Story Source:

The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of Hawaii at Manoa.

Journal Reference:

Haining Yang, Zeyana Rivera, Sandro Jube, Masaki Nasu, Pietro Bertino, Chandra Goparaju, Guido Franzoso, Michael T. Lotze, Thomas Krausz, Harvey I. Pass, Marco E. Bianchi, and Michele Carbone. Programmed necrosis induced by asbestos in human mesothelial cells causes high-mobility group box 1 protein release and resultant inflammation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2010; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1006542107

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Workers Exposed To Libby Vermiculite Ore Have High Rate Of Chest Wall Abnormalities

ScienceDaily (July 10, 2005) — SAN DIEGO -- More than one-quarter of tested workers at an Ohio manufacturing plant historically exposed to asbestos-containing vermiculite ore exhibited signs of scarring of the chest wall lining, a study by researchers from the University of Cincinnati has found.

Researchers examined recent chest X-rays of 236 people who worked at a plant in Marysville, Ohio, that until 1980 used vermiculite ore mined in Libby, Mont., that contained asbestos fibers.

Of the 236 workers tested, 62 (26.3 percent) showed pleural plaques, or scarring of the chest wall lining. The occurrence was as high as 44.1 percent in workers with the largest and heaviest exposure to the vermiculite ore. The percentage of workers with pleural plaques was 5.1 percent in those with the lowest levels of exposure.

Pleural plaques are usually considered markers of previous exposure to asbestos fibers. Because of the previous exposure to asbestos, there is a potential increased risk for other asbestos-related lung changes, including scar tissue within the lungs and certain types of cancer such as mesothelioma.

Preliminary results of the study were presented in San Diego May 24, 2005, at the annual International Conference of the American Thoracic Society.

"Our study shows that cumulative exposure to vermiculite from Libby is associated with a significant increase in pleural changes," said study leader James Lockey, MD, professor of occupational and pulmonary medicine at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine.

"There is clearly a relationship with increasing exposure, but the pleural changes also were seen in the low-exposed workers," said co-author Amy Rohs, MD, a fellow in occupational and pulmonary medicine at University of Cincinnati.

About 0.2 percent of the general population with minimal history of exposure to respiratory hazards shows signs of pleural plaques, Dr. Lockey noted. "I was surprised at the significant increase in overall pleural changes in this working population from 2 percent in 1980 to 26 percent, based on these preliminary results," he added.

"The public health implications of these preliminary findings are important in view of the national distribution of the Libby vermiculite ore," the authors concluded.

Until 1990, more than 200 sites around the country received shipments of vermiculite from the Libby mine.

Vermiculite is a group of minerals with a flaky, mica-like structure. Vermiculite ore from Libby has been shown to contain high levels of asbestos, which could have become airborne and inhaled when used in manufacturing. Vermiculite is widely used in a variety of applications, including insulation, packing materials, construction materials and gardening products. The Libby mine closed in 1990 and vermiculite ore used now comes from other sources and is not known to contain asbestos.

The X-rays were taken during the past two years, and each was reviewed independently by three board-certified radiologists. Spirometry tests, which measure lung function, and health histories also were taken. Although these were not assessed for this study, they will be reported later when the complete study findings are reviewed and published.

The workers were among a group of 513 employees at the Ohio plant exposed to vermiculite and who took part in a 1980 study. Of these 513 workers, 433 (84 percent) are currently alive. That original study, published by Dr. Lockey in the June 1984 issue of American Review of Respiratory Disease, initially showed that exposure to vermiculite containing asbestos fibers could cause pleural plaques.

The current study was funded by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Additional information on ATSDR and Libby asbestos can be found at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/naer/index.html.

Co-authors of the study were Kari Dunning, PhD, Jerome Wiot, MD, Ralph Shipley, MD, Chris Meyer, MD, Tim Hilbert and Rakesh Shukla, PhD, of the University of Cincinnati and Vikas Kapil, DO, of the CDC/ATSDR.

Story Source:

The above story is reprinted (with editorial adaptations by ScienceDaily staff) from materials provided by University of Cincinnati.

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Exploring the Medical Condition of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer, like all other cancers, is caused by a malfunction in the cells of the body which for whatever reason, embark on uncontrolled replication and growth. Cells undergo a cycle of birth and death many millions of times throughout the life of a person, but this is done in a controlled cycle which replaces old cells with new ones. When cancer strikes, the unchecked production of new cells leads to growths, known as tumors, and these physically interfere in the function of the organs and the processes of healthy, normal life.

A tumor can be benign or malign, and usually when we refer to a “cancer” we are using this term to refer to a malignant growth. Malignant or cancerous tumors are aggressive and capable of spreading, or metastasising, to other parts of the body so that further tumors occur, further interfering in the delicate balance of the body. Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body and can usually be removed without further complication to the life and health of the patient.

When cancer appears in the lungs it will be because it has either originated there (a primary tumor) or it has spread to the lungs from another part of the body. Typically, lung cancer will have originated or will spread to the adrenal glands, brain, liver or bones, though treatment must take into consideration the entire health of the patient as cancer cells are capable of spreading widely from any source within the body once unchecked cell replication has started.

Lung cancer is typically referred to as a tumor which has originated within the lungs; cancer which has originated from elsewhere and spread to the lungs is usually referred to as “metastatic cancer” rather than lung cancer.

The first step in assessing treatment is to positively diagnose cancer; in other words that the tumor is malignant. There are a variety of tests which can be carried out, and there are usually a range of tests rather any one single diagnostic test which is utilized. Post-diagnosis involves a process known as “staging”; this is where the extent and seriousness of the disease is assessed and this determines the treatment regime which will be followed by the medical team and the patient.

Treatment may be non-invasive such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which is used in advance stages of the disease and attempts to either reduce the size and extent of the tumor so it becomes practical to remove it (known as a resection), or acts as a safety measure after a surgical removal to ensure that any cancerous cells in the lymphatic system or bloodstream are killed so they cannot gain a purchase elsewhere in the body (which may result in a further recurrence of the cancer elsewhere in the body).

Surgical treatment may involve a major operation to open the chest cavity to gain access to the lungs and affected parts of the body, however the trend has been to develop minimally invasive techniques which do not require major surgery with its attendant risks and post-operative recuperation issues.

Techniques such as VATS, involves the making of small incisions into the side or rear of the chest in order to insert specialist video capture equipment which is used to provide a highly detailed image on a video screen. This gives the surgeon a real-time and highly detailed video feed which is used to guide the surgeon in the removal of the affected cancerous areas. The shock, pain and post-operative issues are minimalized for the patient, though it requires an extremely skilled surgeon to perform the operation.

Find the right doctor for lung cancer treatments or mitral valve repair. Early diagnosis can lead to successful results.

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Revealed – The Most Recent Information About Asbestos Lung Cancer

The use of asbestos in construction and textile companies has resulted in a number of deaths. Workers working with asbestos have been attacked by cancerous cells in the lungs. The fibers or dust particles emanated when asbestos is processed cannot be expelled by the lungs because of their large size. Thus, they deposit on the outer covering of the lungs and cause damage to it. These cancer cells could slowly spread further and attack other parts of the body.

A person washing the clothes of a worker working in a factory where asbestos is used is also likely to suffer from the disease. Since these fibers deposit and damage the lungs slowly, the symptoms of the disease start to appear very late. A person will be able to experience these symptoms only 30 to 50 years after they had been exposed to asbestos. Symptoms show only when the cancer has reached its final stage. These symptoms could a lot of time be confused with other disorders and in most cases the doctor is not able to diagnose the cancer. This is also because the cancer is still not popularly known by all doctors.

The symptoms of asbestos lung cancer are pretty much non specific. Patients suffering from this type of lung cancer will complain of pain and swelling in the abdomen, chest pain, pain in swallowing because of swelling in the face and neck, wheezing, difficulty in breathing, fever, fatigue and other specific symptoms such as blood colored sputum, dropping blood sugar level, pleural effusion, clotting of blood in the veins and accumulation of fluid in the chest and abdomen.

The diagnosis of asbestos lung cancer is done by performing an X-ray, CT scan and confirmed by a procedure known as biopsy. For biopsy, a surgeon will take samples of tissues and give it to the pathologist for closer examination. The treatment for asbestos lung cancer is decided keeping in mind the physical health of the patient, the location and size of the cancer and the extent to which it has affected the body.

There are different options for treating asbestos lung cancer but the chances of survival are very low. The different options include:

1. Surgery: The surgery to be performed will be decided on the basis of where the cancer cells are located in the lungs. Segmental resection may be performed to remove a portion of the lung. An entire lobe may also be removed. Patients may not be able to regain their energy after the surgery since air and fluid will accumulate in their chest.

2. Chemotherapy: Anti cancer drugs are prescribed to the patient in order to kill the cancer cells inside the body. These drugs could be taken orally or inserted by injection through the veins.

3. Radiation therapy: Radiation producing materials are inserted inside the body to remove cancer cells. Radiation signals may also be given using external machines.

Doctors are researching to find new treatments for the disease. They are trying to develop techniques that will help drain out the accumulated fluid from the chest and the abdomen.

John Dust writes alot about Asbestos Lung Cancer. Please check out the website with more information on Asbestos Lung Cancer and more details on Asbestos Lung Cancer.

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Mesothelioma Cancers

Asbestos lung cancer is fast becoming a national health issue. Known as mesothelioma, this cancer is being found in older patients that held occupations in the construction industry. Asbestos was used in ship building, heating and cooling in older buildings, and other applications that required insulation values that asbestos provided. When asbestos was brought to the end user market it was considered as a revolutionary product for its ability to withstand high temperatures in any environment. The majority of use came in the hot water heat and high temperature boiler applications.

It was not known at the time but asbestos being a fiber would allow microscopic particles into the air. These microscopic particles when inhaled were extremely dangerous to anyone working in the area in which asbestos was being applied or removed. Asbestos is actually more dangerous when being removed as in a demolition project. Asbestos is a very hard and brittle substance and when it is broken or cut with a saw thousands of particles are released into the air. When demolition is taking place today, crews with special breathing equipment and apparel are brought in to dispose of the dangerous material.

The microscopic fibers when inhaled make their way into the pleura area between the lungs and the rib cage. This is where they become lodged and lay there dormant until the cells in the area around the particle turn cancerous due to a chemical reaction. The cause of the chemical reaction is not known yet by health care professionals. The cause of this disease is not known yet but is being researched by physicians. Unfortunately there is not yet a cure for this deadly disease. The usual treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery are implemented as weapons in the battle against this enemy.

Patients inflicted with this disease are eligible for monetary compensation from the manufacturers of asbestos. Asbestos manufacturers have funds set aside for unfortunate people afflicted with mesothelioma. There are many sources available out there that can get you the information you need to help inflicted people secure victim compensation. If you are one of the unfortunate people to contract this disease you are eligible for compensation.

The cost of dealing with this disease is very expensive. Chemotherapy is one of the most expensive procedures in the medical field. Radiation therapy is also very expensive. If you do not have health insurance it is very important that you contact a legal representative to insure that you and your family receive compensation to offset these high medical costs.

Warren Milliman http://mesothelioma-cancers.com.

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Potential Causes and Risk Factors of Lung Cancer

It is currently estimated that over 210,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with lung cancer (LC) each year. Over 160,000 people die from the disease each year. Its impact is enormous.

Traditionally, it has been recognized as a smoker’s affliction. That is, only those who were habitual smokers were considered at risk. Contrary to that belief, research estimates that 10% of diagnosed cases have little to do with smoking. In other words, millions of people who do not smoke are potentially at risk. In this article, we’ll explore the causes of the condition and offer a few preventative tips.

What Causes The Disease?

Few people were diagnosed with the disease during the 1920s. However, when smoking became popular, the number of cases sharply rose. Today, cigarette smoke remains the most common catalyst. The number of cigarettes that a person smokes daily, and the duration over which that person has smoked them, has a tremendous influence on the likelihood of developing the condition. So potent are the chemicals in tobacco that many people develop lung cancer from inhaling secondhand smoke.

Even though many people believe that cigars do not contribute to the incidence rate of LC, that perception is inaccurate. The influence of cigars is smaller, but it does exist.

Another cause of the disease is asbestos. There are tiny fibers in asbestos that can become lodged in the lung tissue after being inhaled. The problem is that asbestos was used liberally for decades within the insulation of houses, apartments, and buildings across the country. Its use has since been banned, but many people have been exposed to it for many years.

Radon gas is also known to be a risk factor for LC. This is a natural gas that can seep through the soil and gain access to the insides of homes through a variety of openings. It is odorless, so the likelihood of noticing it is small. The EPA estimates that nearly 7% of houses has high levels of exposure.

Steps To Prevention

The first step toward prevention is to eliminate all exposure to tobacco smoke. If you smoke cigarettes, quit. If you live with someone who smokes cigarettes, convince that person to quit or consider changing your living arrangements. You should also have your home tested for the presence of radon gas. A high level of exposure places you and your family at risk.

Finally, maintain a healthy diet and exercise routine. That means eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, and limiting the amount of alcohol you consume. With regard to exercise, one half hour of vigorous activity each day will keep your lungs working properly.

Genetic disposition and gender are also risk factors, though there is little you can do about either. Instead, focus on your lifestyle and living environment to lower the likelihood of developing lung cancer.

Find the right doctor for lung cancer treatments or mitral valve repair. Early diagnosis can lead to successful results.

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Mesothelioma Treatment Options – Basic Facts

Before we can start discussing about mesothelioma treatment options it is vital for us to have a clear understanding of what mesothelioma really is. Mesothelioma is a rare cancer of the linings of lungs and abdominal area caused mainly by exposure to asbestos fibers over an extended period. It would normally take a long time, anywhere between 30-40 years for mesothelioma to rear up from the time of exposure to asbestos. It is critical to catch this disease early and to treat it in the early stages otherwise it will mostly likely prove to be fatal. There are various mesothelioma treatment options available such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Surgery

There are basically two types of surgeries available for the treatment of mesothelioma, one being aggressive surgery and the other, palliative procedures. Beforethe surgeons start performing any surgery, it is important to check if the heart and lungs are have been affected by the disease or if they functioning properly. Of the two types of surgery, aggressive surgery, which is also known as Pneumonectomy, is a very complex and invasive surgery performed mainly on younger patients, who are good in health and can better bear the strains of the surgery. Pneumonectomy involves the removal of the excess cancerous pleural membrane. The main purpose of this is to remove as much tumor as possible surgically.

The less agressive surgery, palliative procedures is also known as Pleurectomy. This procedure is done in the early stages of the mesothelioma cancer. The process of this mesothelioma treatment involves the surgical removal of the pleura. This procedure is used more to lessen and control the symptoms rather than to cure the disease itself. This surgical procedure reduces the pain caused by the cancerous tumor and helps in preventing the recurrence of pleural effusion. The complete removal of tumor is not possible with this procedure.

Chemotherapy

Another mesothelioma treatment option is chemotherapy that combines the use of a variety of drugs for controlling and shrinking the tumor. The success rate is uncertain as some patients show only partial success to this method with the cancer going into remission. However, some combinations of chemotherapy drugs have proven to be successful. With extensive research into this disease, scientists are in the process of developing new chemotherapy drugs for mesothelioma treatments.

Radiation Therapy

Radiatio therapy is another option in the treatment of mesothelioma. It makes use of nuclear radiations that are targetted at the malignant cells to kill them and thus, shrink the tumor. Radiation therapy is however, an extremely difficult procedure to carry out as it can and will damage the healthy cells of the patient’s heart, lungs, and other vital organs within the vacinity of the radiation dosage.

Treatment is not just confined to either or of these available treatment options. Combination therapies are also available whereby chemotherapy and radiation therapy are combined along with surgery. This combination helps in killing any remaining tumor cells left after surgery and in relieving symptoms such as pain.

Mesothelioma treatments are very expensive due to the sophisticated equipment, specialist skills required and the length of period required. However the patients suffering from mesothelioma and other asbestos related diseases sustained while working can file lawsuits against their employers for recovery of damages, medical expenses, loss of income, lost earning capacity and pain and sufferings. The victims of this disease can seek help of expert asbestos attorneys in locating the defendants- persons/companies responsible for causing asbestos exposure.

The Mesothelioma Treatment Options site aims to provide relevant information and resources on mesothelioma or Asbestos Cancers to victims in order to help them know the disease better and their righst to compensation through specialist Asbestos Lawyers

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Mesotherapy Side Effects

As with any other form of treatment, Mesotherapy can have Side Effects. Some mild and transient Side Effects that may occur after a Mesotherapy session include swelling, bruising and pain or itching at the injection site. These typically subside in a few hours to a few days. One compound that causes such swelling when injected is the compound lecithin. Some mesotherapists recommend the homeopathic drug arnica to reduce swelling. However, its action has not been scientifically proven. More often, patients are advised to wear loose-fitting clothing, and to avoid exercise for up to two or three days following a Mesotherapy treatment.

Other Side Effects at the injection site can include scarring, pigmentation, or ulcer formation. Sometimes, patients may feel a small lump under the injection site, which reduces or disappears after a few weeks. When non-sterile injection techniques are used, infections may occur, some of which may be potentially serious. Most of these infections have been reported from some South American countries, where unlicensed individuals administer Mesotherapy treatments. It is therefore preferable to receive Mesotherapy from a board-certified physician who practices good infection control.

Mesotherapy patients may have local or systemic allergic reactions to any of the compounds that are injected. These can range from mild to potentially life-threatening. Trained clinicians know how to recognize such reactions, and can promptly administer appropriate treatment. This is another reason it is advisable to go to reputable Mesotherapy clinics. There are occasional reports of unusual skin conditions, including psoriasis, in the scientific literature. Some of these are attributed to the mixing of compounds that may interact with each other.

It is unclear what exactly happens to the fat that is dissolved in Mesotherapy treatments for cellulite and localized fat removal. While Mesotherapy advocates claim this fat is broken down and excreted, such claims remain scientifically unproven.

Mesotherapy [http://www.e-MesoTherapy.com] provides detailed information about mesotherapy, cost of mesotherapy, mesotherapy before and after, mesotherapy injections and more. Mesotherapy is the sister site of Mesothelioma Doctors Info.

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Getting Familiar With an Asbestos Mesothelioma Lawsuit

Have you heard about the term mesothelioma? You rarely hear of this word but this is more commonly known as asbestos cancer. If you are suffering from this malignant disease, you surely had anything to do with inhaling dust particles from asbestos, a mineral that’s more identified for its use in buildings and construction. Industries and companies have already been warned for ages about the dangers that the use of asbestos can bring to people’s lives but this didn’t stop them from using this mineral because they are allowed to use this at certain minimal limits. Any miscalculation, misuse or abuse can certainly send their workers to their death beds. This is why it is important to file an asbestos mesothelioma lawsuit against these companies because it is their responsibility to protect their workers against health hazards.

A mesothelioma lawyer is an expert when it comes to filing an asbestos mesothelioma lawsuit. Legally, this lawyer can go after the companies that allow the presence of asbestos in the work place without any safety measures. Filing that lawsuit and getting a final verdict in your favor are the duties of the mesothelioma lawyer. It is important to get a specialty lawyer because most companies will try not to take any responsibility for their actions and getting an ordinary lawyer will only delay the legal proceedings as well as your asbestos claim. Getting asbestos cancer is no joke especially when you have to watch yourself struggle from this disease for the longest time. Dealing with the pain and the medical expenses that come along with contracting this type of cancer is already a burden in itself. This burden is even extended further to your loved ones who are also terrified at your ordeal and feeling your pain.

If more people are filing that asbestos mesothelioma lawsuit and actually win their cases, it can send a message to companies get their acts together to find other alternatives to asbestos. We all have the right to live free from the perils of getting this type of cancer that is not even caused by genetics. It is caused by self-less people who have selfish motives. These companies gain from other people’s losses. They are enjoying their lives while the cancer patients watch themselves getting closer to death each day.

Like many other types of cancer, it is sad to know that there is still no cure for mesothelioma. You are lucky if at any given point in time the medical researchers can come up with a cure for it, that if you are still alive. You can hope for some miracle performed on you but you know you just have to deal with it until your body will become too tired to fight against it.

Someone has to pay for the medical plight you are in. It helps to consult an asbestos lawyer about this. Asbestos lawyers usually will not charge you anything at the beginning of the asbestos mesothelioma lawsuit. If they win the case, that’s the time that they will take a portion of your claim as their legal fees. In fact, even if you die before a verdict has been served in your favor, your surviving family can still benefit from it–like a blood money. Even though no amount of money can compensate for the life that was lost, in one way or another, it can certainly help them move on.

For the most up to date information about Asbestos Cancer, this is the only resource you will ever need.
http://www.asbestoscancerinfo.com
Asbestos Mesothelioma Lawsuit

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Mesothelioma: How Do Doctors Diagnose Asbestos Cancer? Part 1

As we discussed in our previous article, you might have been exposed to asbestos airborne particles if you have been building ships, working with heat insulation and changing old brakes pads. There are many dangerous occupations exist, such as, asbestos plant workers, automobile mechanics, boiler workers, plumbers, drywall workers, electricians insulators, painters, even hairdressers and teachers. Many other professions might give an occasional exposure to the asbestos particles.

As the consequence of asbestos exposure you may get asbestosis, but you may also start do develop mesothelioma – relativity rare but deadly type o cancer.

So, how do doctors diagnose the mesothelioma?

When you see your doctor, the first think he does to suspect the mesothelioma is asking about your occupational history. The paramount importance is to catch the asbestos cancer in the early stages of the disease, so time is of the essence. The survival rate is eight to twelve months on average. However, catching and treating the mesothelioma early at some cancer centers gives better results.

Doctors look for signs and symptoms of the cancer. The mesothelioma symptoms often delay up to 20 and more years after asbestos exposure. Yet, in rats intra-pleural introduction of asbestos chrysotile fibers may cause mesothelioma in several months.

People with mesothelioma complain on breath shortness, persistent cough, sputum, and chest pain. The pain comes from pleura – the lungs lining that is very sensitive to irritation. Mesothelioma tends to cause fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity.

Peritoneal mesothelioma causes weight loss, pain and ascites (belly swelling due to fluid in the abdominal cavity). Peritoneal mesothelioma also may block bowels and cause all kinds of troubles with gut obstruction. As many cancers, asbestos cancer also changes blood clotting, causes blood cells decrease (anemia), night sweats, and fevers. Ascites may lead to nausea and feet swelling. Spreading of the cancer will bring pain, difficult swallowing, and neck swelling. This symptom happens because of compression of some great veins going to the heart in your chest. In general mesothelioma symptoms are not very specific. They may characterize any other type of cancer as well as many other non-cancerous diseases. This problem delays diagnosis. Sometimes patients think that they have viral pneumonia. Some patients don’t have any symptoms at all. Mesothelioma in advanced stage, as well as majority of cancers, will cause fatigue.

An x-ray may show a fluid accumulation.

What is a pleural effusion? Pleural effusion means the accumulation of fluid between the pleura on inside chest wall and diaphragm and pleura covering lungs. What is pleura? Pleura is the thin layer of special cells covering the lung and inside of the chest wall. It has an idea of closed plastic bag with some small amount of fluid inside. Basically, this bag helps lungs to slide easily against chest wall during expansion from breathing. The membranes of pleura consist from mesothelial cells. Exactly these cells produce a small amount of the lubricant. The amount of fluid is always in balance. Extra pleural fluid is quickly reabsorbed. When there is too much fluid, it is the effusion. Abdominal cavity has similar lining named peritoneum, which covers abdominal organs the way pleura covers the lungs. Mesothelioma leads to fluid build up, which is caused by cancer cells irritating the pleura or peritoneum. This fluid leads to sickness in your abdomen or difficulty breathing.

Transudation is a pleural effusion with clear fluid. It usually results from imbalance of fluid production and removal. It is more characteristic for some other disease. Doctors would think first about congestive heart failure. Mesothelioma would rather cause an exudate. Exudates are a cloudy pleural effusion with many cells and proteins. Exudates happen after the pleura is irritated and inflamed, as it happen in mesothelioma. To check the type of effusion, doctors would stick a needle and get the fluid sample. This stick is called diagnostic thoracentesis. The fluid will be checked in the lab. If mesothelioma is the cause, cancer cells may be found in the fluid

Why shortness of breath develops? The dyspnea (breath shortness) happens exactly because too much fluid is accumulated and press on the lung, pushing it away form the chest wall inside and thus making the lung smaller. Also the pain from inflamed pleura prevents patient from deep breathing. The receptors in inflamed pleura also cause dry cough. Listening to the lungs with a stethoscope reveals decreased breath sounds. Tapping on the chest sounds dull. This all is the consequence of fluid accumulation.

During your doctor’s visit, you should discuss your concerns about asbestos exposure in the past. Your doctor should check the area of pain and swelling; he also should listen to your breath sounds and check for fluid collection. If your doctors suspect the effusion he may send you for tests and X-rays or refer to a specialist.

If a doctor suspects mesothelioma, he dose not have many specific tests on hands. Many of the usual tests may show no results in mesothelioma. Simple chest x-ray does not always show small pleural effusion. A lateral decubitus film may be required for smaller effusions (the same x-ray but the side view). Otherwise CT scan or ultrasound may show the effusion.

Aleksandr Kavokin, MD, PhD. Medical Articles [http://www.kavokin.com], Free On-line diagnostics at http://www.symptomat.com, http://www.rdoctor.com

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Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is the most common form of the deadly cancer mesothelioma. This type of disease affects the pleural mesothelium, or thin membrane that surrounds the lungs and secretes the lubrication necessary for them to expand and contract during respiration. Without this vital layer of mucous the lungs would not be able to fill with air or expel carbon dioxide.

Unfortunately, this vital but frequently overlooked part of the anatomy is the place mesothelioma strikes the most, because asbestos particles frequently enter the body through normal respiration processes.

Asbestos fibers are small, jagged, need-like shards frequently kicked up into the air during the myriad manufacturing processes that use asbestos for its heat-resistant and flame-retardant qualities. When the asbestos is processed it releases these small fibers into the air which are easily inhaled by workers, shippers, and can even linger on their hair and clothes and follow them home, potentially exposing their families and friends to pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial mesothelioma.

When a person inhales asbestos, it can begin a cascade reaction that more often than not results in terminal mesothelioma. The jagged asbestos shards enter the lungs where they pierce the through the inner layers of the lungs into the pleura mesothelium. Once these shards pierce the mesothelium they begin to fester and sprout potentially cancerous tumors. Pleural mesothelioma is particularly hard to diagnose because it takes many years for the cancer to develop, and once it does the early symptoms are so subtle that they are often confused with less fatal conditions such as the flu or pneumonia.

Common symptoms of pleural mesothelioma include:

o Chest pain

o Shortness of breath

o Pleural effusion (fluid surrounding the lung)

o Wheezing

o Coughing

o Hoarseness

o Blood Clots

Sadly, because it takes so long for pleural mesothelioma to display symptoms it is usually so entrenched in the lungs that it is impossible to effectively treat. Further complicating this already difficult situation is that it is extremely likely that the cancerous cells from the lungs will easily circulate throughout the bloodstream, where they can spread cancer to other systems and organs.

Pleural mesothelioma is 100% fatal. Most people usually die within six months after diagnosis, some people survive a year, but few if any survive past five years. New treatments can usually tend to focus on preserving the quality of life for the victims of pleural mesothelioma, but revolutionary treatments such as photodynamic, gene, angiogenesis, and immunotherapy treatments offer hope to those stricken with this terrible disease.

To learn more about pleural mesothelioma or how to hire a mesothelioma lawyer, please visit our website at http://www.resource4mesothelioma.com This article may be freely reprinted as long as this resource box is included and all links stay intact as hyperlinks.

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Knowing More About Epithelial Malignant Mesothelioma

Through the years, the disease called mesothelioma, or epithelial malignant mesothelioma, has been gaining popularity. That is because the number of patients diagnosed with the disease has been constantly on the rise. Plus, aside from the rising number, there are also controversies liked to the disease.

Mesothelioma is a very rare form of cancer that involves the connective tissues around the human body’s internal organs. There is a presence and development of tumor when a person is diagnosed with mesothelioma. It has been established that the disease is caused only by exposure to asbestos, a construction material widely used in the past for insulation.

Epithelial malignant mesothelioma is the most common form of mesothelioma. It is estimated that globally, about 50% to 70% of all diagnosed mesothelioma are categorized as epithelial malignant mesothelioma.

It is because epithelial malignant mesothelioma is caused by inhalation of very tiny asbestos particles. The other form of mesothelioma, sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma, occurs in the lining of the abdomen and is caused by ingestion, which is not very likely to occur.

What is epithelial malignant mesothelioma?

Epithelial malignant mesothelioma occurs when there is significant accumulation of asbestos fibers in the mesothelia tissue surrounding the chest and the lungs. That is why most common symptoms of this cancer include pain in either side of the chest, cough, fever, fatigue and shortness of breath.

Because it is a form of cancer, epithelial malignant mesothelioma also causes significant body weight loss and sometimes blood discharges. The disease could also affect other organs of the body, not just the lungs. That is why diagnosis of epithelial malignant mesothelioma usually takes time.

Asbestos is disintegrative in nature. That means, when exposed to air in the surroundings, the substance can break down into very small and invisible fibers, which come and go with the air. Problem is, people can inhale air with asbestos fibers.

If you have been exposed to asbestos for about a month or two, chances are much greater that you would be diagnosed with mesothelioma. But that would not take place until after about 30 t0 50 years. That is because mesothelioma has a very long latency or development period.

It could be a form of consolation that epithelial malignant mesothelioma has a greater prognosis, or rate of survival among patients, than the other type of mesothelioma. However, if the patient is not able to successfully recover from this specific cancer, he would be able to live only up to a year in maximum.

Legal cases

You may have probably heard or read over the news that most of the epithelial malignant mesothelioma patients worldwide are filing cases against the companies that exposed them to asbestos. From Africa, where asbestos mining has been widespread, to the United States, up until down under to Australia, asbestos and construction companies have been aggressively defending themselves against mesothelioma claims.

People who have been put at risk to developing epithelial malignant mesothelioma are very diverse and include miners and construction workers. Even office employees and ordinary people who are working or are usually inside premises that have asbestos as insulators are also at much risk to developing the disease.

Lawyers and complainants to existing cases argue that the asbestos firms should compensate people affected with the cancer because if not for the asbestos exposure, those people would not have contracted the disease in the first place.

Every one has the right to seek for compensation for any distraction or health hazard health hazard caused by anyone. There is no reason why epithelial malignant mesothelioma patients would not do the same.

After all, asbestos companies have profited heavily on asbestos production and use through the years. It is time they pay for their own doings.

How to avoid epithelial malignant mesothelioma

Of course, prevention against epithelial malignant mesothelioma would basically involve not exposing yourself to asbestos. It would not be a problem nowadays because almost all construction firms have already ceased to use asbestos as insulators since the 1980s.

However, you should determine if your place or building has asbestos in it. Usually, the material is present inside walls. If there are asbestos in your place, do not fret. The asbestos would not disintegrate unless exposed to air so, immediately report to the building administrator if there are breakage in your walls and if there are possible asbestos insulators in it.

For more information on mesothelioma and lung cancer, please go to:
http://mymesotheliomacancer.com/?page_id=614
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Lycopene Lung Cancer Treatment

Lycopene is what gives tomatoes, and several other fruits, their deep red color. But lycopene is also a powerful antioxidant that has shown remarkable effect on degenerative diseases. Tomatoes are the only major dietary source of lycopene. According to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), tomatoes may help reduce the risk of certain types of cancer.

Lycopene is present naturally in human plasma in greater amounts than beta carotene and other essential dietary carotenoids. This may indicates its greater biological significance in the human defense system. The researchers in P&S and Harlem Hospital evaluated the association between lung cancer and lycopene.

Investigators collected blood samples from 93 individuals with non-small cell lung cancer and also from 102 matched controls, in a case-control study. They tested tested the samples for levels of certain micronutrients, including retinol, lycopene and beta-carotene.

The researchers found no significant differences between control subjects and subjects with lung cancer. in most of the micronutrients for which they did the tests. But they did find that lung cancer patients had significantly lower concentrations of lycopene.

After adjusting for age, race, sex, drinking, smoking, vitamin supplements, occupational exposure and season, the investigators found that the group with the lowest levels of lycopene, had almost a three-fold increased risk for cancer compared with the group with the highest lycopene levels.

When the investigators evaluated current smokers, they found that the group with the lowest lycopene blood levels had four times the risk of cancer than the group with the highest lycopene levels. According to Dr. Jean G. Ford, assistant professor of medicine and principal investigator:

“We concluded from our findings that low intake of lycopene may be a risk factor for lung cancer, especially for smokers. Even though our findings are preliminary, they add to the growing body of evidence that diets rich in tomatoes and tomato products are strongly linked to a reduced risk of certain types of cancer.”

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Theater Asbestos

At the turn of the century, many of the country’s cities built magnificent theaters to attract the top Vaudeville troupes and plays to their stages. These theaters were the home of extremely hot lights that were capable of melting make up off a person’s face to the point that special make ups were developed for the stage. Because these lights were so hot, the chance of a fire was not something that was outside of the realm of possibility.

To combat these fires, theaters tried a number of ways to prevent any fire that broke out from reaching the audience or completely destroying the building. The theaters that were built were filled with marble and a large amount of luxury fabrics and exquisite art on the walls. No one, particularly the owners of the theater, wanted to see the theaters, these temples of beauty and art, go up in smoke due to a small fire that started in the scenery and advanced quickly from there. 

As a result of the threat of fire, asbestos and a wide variety of other retardants were employed to insulate parts of the theater and to fire proof other parts. One of the biggest pieces of protection for a theater and the audience that was employed by many theaters was the asbestos curtain. 

Asbestos curtains were, literally, curtains made of asbestos. Asbestos has been used in its cloth-like state since the Greeks starting using it for table cloths that could be tossed in a fire to be cleaned. The curtains also used asbestos in its cloth state. In the event of a fire on stage, the asbestos curtain could be dropped by one of the stage hands. This would seal off the stage from the audience and was supposed to prevent the fire from spreading to the audience.

By confining the fire to the stage, it could be contained and fought more easily since it had less of an area to occupy. Unfortunately, the asbestos curtains could snag on a piece of scenery or a prop and tear. The theater could also snag on a stagehand or actor and tear. There are a variety of ways to tear a curtain, all of which effectively release asbestos fibers into the air of the theater.

While the majority of theater-goers are ok and probably do not need to be worried about asbestos exposure, individuals who worked in the demolition of old theaters or worked backstage of a specific old theater may have reason to be concerned.

Williams Kherkher is a law firm specializing in mesothelioma and asbestos cases as well as ensuring that victims are properly compensated.

Joseph Devine

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Cancer – Mesothelioma

Cancer mesothelioma may develop if one is always exposed to asbestos. The malignant cells, in this type of cancer, grow in the mesothelium. The mesothelium is a lining which is meant to offer protection by covering a majority of the body’s internal organs. Commonly, this cancer may develop in the pleura. However, it can also develop in the pericardium, the heart, tunica vaginalis, or the peritoneum. The external lining of the lungs as well as the internal chest wall is called the pleura. As for the peritoneum, it is the abdominal cavity’s lining. The sac which surrounds the heart is called the pericardium while the serous which covers the testis is called the tunica vaginalis.

The malignant cells in cancer mesothelioma will develop on the said body parts if the person is working in an area wherein he is always exposed to asbestos. Since the person is being exposed to dust, fiber, and asbestos, there is a possibility that the person will inhale asbestos particles. This exposure and inhalation of asbestos particles can cause mesothelioma. It is also said that if you wash the clothes of a person who is being exposed to asbestos, there is also the risk that you will develop this kind of cancer. This cancer is different from lung cancer because there is no connection between smoking and mesothelioma. However, smoking heavily will also increase the risk of getting an asbestos-induced cancer. It takes twenty to fifty years before the symptoms of mesothelioma become noticeable. One of the symptoms of this kind of cancer is shortness of breath. Shortness of breath happens because of pleural effusion. The common symptoms are loss in weight and chest wall pain.

Aside from the said symptoms of cancer mesothelioma, one may also experience abdominal pain and swelling which is caused by the fluid build up in the abdominal cavity. One may also experience fatigue, abnormalities when it comes to blood clotting, bowel construction, fever, cough, and anemia. If the cancer is already severe, one may even have a lot of tumor masses. The lung may collapse and the disease may affect the other parts of the body. If the cancer is already widespread, other symptoms may include swelling of the face or the neck, trouble when it comes to swallowing, as well as pain. If the cancer is already severe, one may even have a lot of tumor masses. The lung may collapse. The diagnosis may be inferred through a CT scan and a chest X-ray. To confirm the diagnosis, one has to undergo microscopic examination and has to provide tissue samples.

For the latest information on Asbestos Cancer Mesothelioma and Mesothelioma, visit LookMesothelioma.com.

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Lung Mesothelioma & Asbestos Types

The asbestos is generally divided into two groups namely serpentine and amphibole types. These are explained here.

Chrysolite asbestos

The first type of asbestos is the Chrysolite asbestos and it is also called as white asbestos. This type of asbestos is generally thought be the safest of all the types. This is because it is less friable that means it is least likely to produce airborne microbes and also rendering it less likely to be inhaled. But when inhaled it can cause the same problems related to health as the others can. Now this is because it is the only one classed as a serpentine mineral as the fibers making up chrysolite are of a curled variety. This makes up crystals that are formed in sheets.

Chrysolite asbestos is the most commonly used asbestos type comprising of almost 95% of the total asbestos commercially used in the United States. So due to a widespread use of this type of asbestos it accounts for most of the asbestos related health problems such as mesothelioma and tumors in animals. The remaining five types of asbestos are amphibole minerals, this means that they consists of straight and needle-like fibers.

Tremolite asbestos

This type of asbestos was not used industrially but commercially was used in products such as talcum powder. The color of Tremolite ranges from creamy white to dark green and is commonly found in metamorphic rocks. Now this form of asbestos is the main contaminant of the infamous vermiculite (natural minerals that expand with the application of heat) mine in Libby, Montana.

Actinolite asbestos

Not used generally in the industry, actinolite asbestos can still be present in asbestos product. When inhaled actinolite asbestos can cause severe lung damage and mesothelioma may occur. The non-fibrous variants of actinolite do not cause the same health problems that are associated with exposure to commercially exploited forms of asbestos like asbestosis or mesothelioma. Present in usually green, white or gray color this type is related to tremolite but have more amounts of iron.

Amosite asbestos

Amosite asbestos that is also called Grunerite or brown asbestos is used for a variety of commercial purposes. This is generally used in pipe and cement sheet insulation. It has straight and brittle fibers that are light gray to brown in color. Once it became the second most used type of asbestos. But recently due to the health concerns and emergence of mesothelioma the production and commercial use of this mineral is banned in many countries.

Crocidolite asbestos

The most dangerous of the asbestos, Crocidolite asbestos is thought to be at the opposite spectrum of Chrysolite asbestos. Crocidolite asbestos is also called blue asbestos as it consists of straight blue fibers. This type along with amosite persists in the lungs for a long time and is dangerous for health of the exposed persons. Crocidolite naturally occurs in countries such as Australia, South Africa, Bolivia, the former Soviet Union, and Canada.

Anthophyllite asbestos

It has brittle white fibers that are made up of crystals and have a chain-like appearance. Formed by the breakdown of talc in ultramafic rocks, anthophyllite is a common contaminant of talc. Like tremolite and actinolite, it is not used for commercial or industrial purpose as such but is still found use in vermiculite minerals commonly added to gardening soil.

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What is Mesothelioma & Mesothelioma Treatments Option – An IMPORTANT Basic Fact

Mesothelioma treatments remain disappointing. Mesothelioma treatments have a better prognosis in early stage and in mesothelioma treatments, to find a cure is very difficult. This is the fact of mesothelioma treatments.

Mesothelioma, also known as malignant mesothelioma, is a rare form of cancer that occur in the protective lining that covers many of the body’s internal organs also known as mesothelium. Mesothelium is the lining of the chest, lungs, abdomen and also the heart. Mesothelioma is usually caused by exposure to the hazardous agent called asbestos. Mesothelioma is a rare disease but the symptoms strike more than 200 people each year in the United States. The symptoms of mesothelioma basically take times to appear and sometimes up to 30 years, between exposure to asbestos and the start of the disease.

Mesothelioma occurs in one per 1,000,000 of the population. The incidence rate is higher in male gender then in female. The incidence rate also increase by age. However the disease can occur in either man or women at any age. Mesothelioma is found to be in highest incidence rate in Britain, Australia and Belgium. However mesothelioma still a very rare disease.

There are three main types of this diasease. The highest one is pleural mesothelioma. It is called as pleural because the mesothelioma mainly affected the lining of the lungs. The incidence appeared for up to 75% for pleural mesothelioma. The other 20% of the case are peritoneal or pericardial. Peritoneal meosthelioma affects the abdomen whereas pericardial mesothelioma when it affects the heart.

The symptoms of pleural mesothelioma are related to the respiratory system which includes shortness of breath, fever, coughing up blood and breathing difficulties. The sufferers also have acute chest pain. Pleural mesothelioma is related to the inhalation of asbestos fibers. Asbestos fibers reach the lungs through the nose or mouth and they build up in the lungs. Then, they travel through the tissues. Since they are light and invisible, they become easily airborne and inhalable. When the asbestos fibers build up in the mesothelium lining, the mesothelium cells start showing abnormal behavior, thereby leading to mesothelioma. In this disease, tumors are formed in lungs and mesothelium and this may also spread to other parts of the body too.

Pericardial mesothelioma is a rare form of mesothelioma and the main site of attack is the linings of the heart. The main symptoms of pericardial mesothelioma are chest pain, breathing difficulties, fever, palpitations, tiredness and cough. Like all other types of mesothelioma, there is no cure for this type also. The only thing that doctors can do is to reduce the pain and discomfort of the symptoms and help the patients have a comfortable and peaceful death. This is called palliative care.

There are many mesothelioma treatments and mesothelioma treatments option available. mesothelioma treatments include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The mesothelioma treatments depends on the patient’s age, general health and stage of the cancer. There has been much mesothelioma research have been done to find the new treatment methods.

Mesothelioma is a bad dream to the sufferer. Not only does it take years for the symptoms to appear, but there are limited mesothelioma treatments and drugs that will prolong the lives and improved the quality of life in mesothelioma patient. Hope that this article can bring information about mesothelioma and mesothelioma treatments.

Hope this article can help you to know the real fact of asbestos related cancer. Someone who have a history of prolong asbestos exposure and have the symptoms should seek medical attention. Prevention is better than cure. This type of cancer’s treatments are very difficult in the latter stage.Try to be alert on the sign and symptoms of mesothelomia in the early stage. It can result in better treatmens or a better prognosis.

For more information on this asbestos related disease you can review this site http://asbestos-litigation-baltimore.blogspot.com/

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